Tree density and modes of tree recruitment in a Michigan pine-hardwood forest after clear-cutting and burning

Abstract

Changes in stem density and the relative amount of recruitment by both vegetative reproduction and seedling establishment were assessed over a five-year period following clear-cutting and burning of slash in northern lower Michigan. Prior to disturbance the community consisted primarily of a mixture of Quercus rubra, Populus grandidentata, and Pinus strobus. Following disturbance P. grandidentata and Acer rubrum comprised 66% and 25%, respectively, of all stems. Stem density declined by 41% in the first five years following fire. There was no change in the relative number of stems of each species during those five years. animal- and wind-dispersed species had different rates of recruitment by seed. Populus grandidentata, Populus tremuloides, and Acer rubrum were recruited exclusively by vegetative means. Quercus rubra, Amelanchier arborea, and Betula papyrifera were recruited both vegetatively and by seed. Prunus pensylvanica was recruited only by seed. No recruitment of Pinus strobus and P. resinosa occurred in the first four years following disturbance and any future recruitment would have to be from seed.