The surgical anatomy of the lower limb

Abstract

The close relationships between pelvic organs, iliac vessels and their braches, spinal nerves which form lumbosacral plexus and fibres originate from this plexus with acetabulum, pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joint could be associated with major complications including death in the course of surgical procedures on these regions. It must be remembered during all anterior, posterior and lateral approaches that; the femoral nerve and vessels lie anteromedial to the sciatic nerve passing just behind of hip joint. Distally, the knee, the largest joint of the body, has a complicated stability. The importance of the structures on posteromedial and posterolateral corners regarding stability of the knee joint frequently takes place in the current reports. The compartments of leg divided by strong fascial layers and the structures they contain must be kept in mind particularly for surgical treatments of compartment syndrome. The placements of tendons and neurovascular structure around the ankle and in tarsal tunnel guide the surgical approaches to these regions.