The prevalence of craniomandibular disorders in the military population of the Republic of Serbia

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) in the military personnel of the Republic of Serbia, as well as the distribution of sings and symptoms of CMD in this population group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The epidemiological investigation included 284 male persons between 18 - 25 years of age. The sample consisted of Military Academy students, and soldiers from different regions of the Republic of Serbia. A questionnaire was designed using Helkimo's clinical dysfunction index and sings and symptoms of CMD were evaluated, namely the anamnestic index (Ai) and the dysfunction index (Di). RESULTS: According to the anamnestic dysfunction index (Ai), 85% of persons among the examined group presented without any symptoms of CMD (Ai = 0), 14% had mild symptoms (Ai =1) and 1% had severe symptoms of CMD (Ai = 5). Functional analysis of the orofacial system in the examined group (evaluation of dysfunction index - Di) revealed, however, that 70% of solders had at least one sign of CMD, precisely a dysfunction index Di > 0. The analysis of signs and symptoms of CMD revealed that disturbances in mandibular kinematics were the most prevalent sign of CMD in this population group, which was confirmed in 56% of examined persons. Disturbed functions of temporomandibular (TM) joints (click, and reciprocal click, deviation and deflection during mandibular opening) were established in 31% of examined persons, and sensitivity of TM joints and masticatory muscles during palpation in 4% of examined persons. Pain during mandibular movements was established only in 1% of examined persons. CONCLUSION: The results of this investigation point to significant prevalence of craniomandibular disorders in the examined population group. The incidence of TMJ and masticatory muscle pain in 4% of examined persons and of pain during mandibular movements only in 1% of examined persons, points to presence of mild or initial types of CMD in this population group.