This paper proposes a new learning rule by which cells with shift-invariant receptive fields are self-organized. With this learning rule, cells similar to simple and complex cells in the primary visual cortex are generated in a network. To demonstrate the new learning rule, we simulate a three-layered network that consists of art input layer (or the retina), a layer of S-cells (or simple cells), and a layer of C-cells (or complex cells). During the learning, straight lines of various orientations sweep across the input layer. Both S- and C-cells are created through competition. Although S-cells compete depending on their instantaneous outputs, C-cells compete depending on the traces (or temporal averages) of For the self-organization of S-cells, only winner S-cells increase their input connections in a similar way to that for the neocognitron. For the self-organization of C-cells, however, loser C-cells decrease their input connections, while winners increase their input connections. Both S- and C-cells are accompanied by inhibitory cells. Modification of inhibitory connections together with excitatory connections is important for creation of C-cells as well as S-cells.
CITATION STYLE
Fukushima, K., & Yoshirnoto, K. (1999). Self-organization of shift-invariant receptive fields. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) (Vol. 1606, pp. 806–815). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0098239
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