Methylglyoxal, Oxidative Stress, and Aging

Abstract

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive product of mainly glucose metabolism. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during various biochemical reactions, including mitochondrial electron transport. An excess of MG production can increase ROS production and oxidative stress. MG can also form advanced glycation end products (AGEs) by reacting with proteins, DNA, and other biomolecules. The process of aging is multifactorial and involves changes at the cellular, tissue, organ, and whole-body levels that lead to decreased functioning, development of diseases, and death. MG, ROS, and AGEs are all associated with the aging process and age-related diseases such as cardiovascular complications of diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and connective tissue disorders. Specific and effective scavengers and cross-link breakers of MG and AGEs are being developed to slow the aging process and prevent many diseases.