Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) Leaf as a Natural Sun Stick Protector Through the Inhibition of the MMP-1 Receptor

Abstract

Sunlight contains ultraviolet radiation, which can cause the formation of free radicals. One of the plants that has the potential to be used as sunscreen is jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk). This research aimed to determine the potential of sun stick jackfruit leaf extract as a UV-Protector exposed to UV-B radiation. This study used two methods, namely in vitro and in vivo. In vitro method was carried out using a spectro-photometric method to analyze the value of the Sun Protection Factor and the in vivo one used the Balb/c strain male white mice, which were divided into three treatment groups. From the research results, it can be reported that the in vitro SPF value at a concentration of 2,500 ppm is 36.62; 5,000 ppm is 38.66; 7,500 ppm is 38.85, and the 10,000 ppm is 38.33, indicating that the average SPF value at each concentration belongs to the ultra-protection category. The in vivo research showed that sticks gave the lowest levels of MMP-1; the results were 3.713 ng/ml of mouse blood serum, lower when compared to other brands of sun sticks with MMP-1 levels of 3.86 ng/ml. The highest MMP-1 level was shown by the results of treatment on a sun-stick basis, namely 4.737 ng/ml. The results shown above indicate that the jackfruit leaf extract sun stick can inhibit the expression of MMP-1, reflecting its ability as a UV protector because of the active compound components. The compound inhibits MMP-1 expression by inhibiting the mitogenic-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.