The association of inadequate lip coverage and malocclusion with dental trauma in Brazilian children and adolescents – A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background/Aim: Dental trauma (DT) occurs frequently in children and adolescents. Therefore, understanding the factors associated with its occurrence in these age groups is important to establish specific preventive measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of lip coverage, overjet, and open bite to dental trauma in Brazilian children and adolescents. Material and methods: The review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020156290) and the bibliographic search was performed in nine electronic databases until July 2020. The studies included were observational, performed in Brazil, with healthy children and adolescents (0–19 years old), and without the restriction of date or language. Two reviewers assessed the individual risk of bias of the eligible studies with a standardized checklist. The meta-analyses were stratified by dentition stage and age range using fixed or random effects, odds ratio (OR) as the effect measure, and 95% confidence interval. The heterogeneity across studies was assessed with the I² test and the GRADE approach assessed the certainty of evidence. Results: The search presented 2493 initial results, from which 55 met the eligibility criteria and were included. Most studies (67%) presented a low risk of bias and were published between 2000 and 2019. Children and adolescents with inadequate lip coverage are 1.86–2.36 times more likely to suffer from DT, while those with increased overjet are 1.94–3.11 times more likely. Children with primary dentitions and anterior open bites are 1.76 (95% CI: 1.20–2.59) times more likely to suffer from DT. The certainty of evidence varied from very low to moderate. Conclusions: Inadequate lip coverage, increased overjet, and anterior open bite are associated with the occurrence of dental trauma in Brazilian children and adolescents.