Prevalence and Risk Factors for Symptomatic Dry Eye Disease Based on McMonnies Questionnaire Among Medical Students, Saudi Arabia; a Cross-Sectional Study

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Abstract

Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular problem that worsens patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to assess DED prevalence and risk factors among medical students at the University of Tabuk. Patients and Methods: This is an analytical, cross-sectional, survey-based study. An online questionnaire was distributed by email to all medical students at the University of Tabuk. A self-administered McMonnies questionnaire was used in the assessment. Results: We included 247 medical students who completed the questionnaire. Most participants were females (71.3%) and were <25 years old (85.8%). DED prevalence rate was 18.2% (95% CI=13.61% to 23.61%). Furthermore, DED was found to be significantly associated with the presence of irritation of eyes when waking up from sleep (OR=19.315), sleeping with partially opened eyes (OR=19.105), redness and irritation of the eyes when swimming in chlorinated fresh water (OR=7.863), and having prescription eyedrops or other dry eye treatments (OR=3.083). Conclusion: Our study at the University of Tabuk found that 18.2% of medical students had dry eye disease and identified the associated risk factors. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications due to the high prevalence of DED.

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Aljammaz, H. M., Aleithan, W. M., Albalawi, A. M., Aljayani, R. T., Aljayani, R. T., Aljammaz, M. M., … Albalawi, H. B. (2023). Prevalence and Risk Factors for Symptomatic Dry Eye Disease Based on McMonnies Questionnaire Among Medical Students, Saudi Arabia; a Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of General Medicine, 16, 2441–2450. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S410790

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