Covalency between the uranyl ion and di­thio­phosphinate by sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory

Abstract

The dithiophosphinic acids (HS2PR 2) have been used for the selective separation of trivalent actinides (AnIII) from lanthanides (LnIII) over the past decades. The substituents on the di­thio­phosphinic acids dramatically impact the separation performance, but the mechanism is still open for debate. In this work, two di­thio­phosphinic acids with significantly different AnIII/LnIII separation performance, i.e. di­phenyl di­thio­phosphinic acid (HS2PPh2) and bis­(ortho-trifluoro­methyl­phenyl) di­thio­phosphinic acid [HS2P(o-CF3C6H4)2], are employed to understand the substituent effect on the bonding covalency between the S2PR 2 - anions (R = Ph and o-CF3C6H4) and the uranyl ion by sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in combination with density functional theory calculations. The two UO2(S2PR 2)(EtOH) complexes display similar XAS spectra, in which the first pre-edge feature with an intensity of 0.16 is entirely attributed to the transitions from S 1s orbitals to the unoccupied molecular orbitals due to the mixing between U 5f and S 3p orbitals. The Mulliken population analysis indicates that the amount of S 3p character in these orbitals is essentially identical for the UO2(S2PPh2)2(EtOH) and UO2[S2P(o-CF3C6H4)2]2(EtOH) complexes, which is lower than that in the U 6d-based orbitals. The essentially identical covalency in U - S bonds for the two UO2(S2PR 2)2(EtOH) complexes are contradictory to the significantly different AnIII/LnIII separation performance of the two di­thio­phosphinic acids, thus the covalency seems to be unable to account for substituent effects in the AnIII/LnIII separation by the di­thio­phosphinic acids. The results in this work provide valuable insight into the understanding of the mechanism in the AnIII/LnIII separation by the di­thio­phosphinic acids.