Chromosomal Breakage in Fanconi Anemia and Consanguineous Marriages: A Social Dilemma for Developing Countries

Abstract

Introduction A clear picture of the prevalence of Fanconi anemia is not known due to limited studies and research of the subject. This study will detect the frequency of positive chromosomal breakage in pediatric aplastic patients and provide the evidence-based guidelines which help in consideration of appropriate treatment and awareness to the society. Methods A total of 104 aplastic anemia patients were recruited of age <18 years whose samples were tested for chromosomal breakage with mitomycin C (MMC). History of consanguinity between parents were documented for all the patients referred to us. Result Out of 104 diagnosed aplastic anemia patients, 35 (33.7%) patients were found to be Fanconi positive. Mean age of all hypoplastic patients for aplastic anemia and Fanconi anemia was 10.7 ± 4.5 and 10.6 ± 3.5, respectively. Male preponderance was found to be higher (64, 61.5%) as compared to females (40, 38.5%) in aplastic patients. The male to female ratio was observed as 2.5:1 in Fanconi patients while 1.3:1 in non-Fanconi aplastic patients. Parental consanguinity was observed in 33 (94.2%) with Fanconi anemia. Conclusion Fanconi anemia accounts for significant number of patients with hypoplastic bone marrow, therefore consanguineous marriages should be avoided through mass education in Pakistan.