Effect of organic farming on structural and functional diversity of soil microbiome: Benefits and risks

Abstract

The significance of microbial diversity in soil has been demonstrated since decades. Assorted variety of microorganisms in soil is fundamental to support soil health, as an extensive diversity of microorganisms is associated with essential soil functions. Several abiotic and biotic factors have been reported to affect the structural and functional diversity of soil microbes. This chapter centers around information related to the application of different biological amendments, and their influential role in shaping soil microbial community diversity, and health. Specifically, it focuses on the application of different organic fertilizers, and their influence on the diversity of microbial communities in arable soil, and upon the risks associated with such amendments, since they can be a source of heavy metals, antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic-resistant genes carried by mobile genetic elements.