Workload and Visual Scanning Techniques of Expert and Novice Helicopter Pilots During Simulated Flight in Open Sea

Abstract

The present study focuses on visual scanning techniques of expert and novice helicopter pilots during an open sea flight simulation in two different workload conditions. Twelve helicopter pilots were involved. Mental workload was assessed through psycho-physiological (EDA and HR) and psychological measures (NASA-TLX). The pilots’ performance was assessed. Eye movements were recorded to analyse the differences in visual scanning techniques. More fixations were made OTW than ITC, but it did not differ between groups and conditions. Fixations were longer OTW than ITC, and they were shorter in high cognitive demand condition than low cognitive demand condition. Higher number of fixations was recorded on the centre line during landing, and on the instruments during cruise phase. The research highlighted that external conditions might change the visual scanning strategy of pilots. The implications for a new visual landing system design, as well as the limitations of the study are ultimately discussed.