Economic Value of Lost Productivity Attributable to Human Papillomavirus Cancer Mortality in the United States

Abstract

Objectives: To estimate years of potential life lost (YPLL) and present value of future lost productivity (PVFLP) associated with premature mortality due to HPV-attributable cancers, specifically those targeted by nonavalent HPV (9vHPV) vaccination, in the United States (US) before vaccine use. Methods: YPLL was estimated from the reported number of deaths in 2017 due to HPV-related cancers, the proportion attributable to 9vHPV-targeted types, and age- and sex-specific US life expectancy. PVFLP was estimated as the product of YPLL by age- and sex-specific probability of labor force participation, annual wage, value of non-market labor, and fringe benefits markup factor. Results: An estimated 7,085 HPV-attributable cancer deaths occurred in 2017 accounting for 154,954 YPLL, with 5,450 deaths (77%) and 121,226 YPLL (78%) attributable to 9vHPV-targeted types. The estimated PVFLP was $3.3 billion for cancer deaths attributable to 9vHPV-targeted types (86% from women). The highest productivity burden was associated with cervical cancer in women and anal and oropharyngeal cancers in men. Conclusions: HPV-attributable cancer deaths are associated with a substantial economic burden in the US, much of which could be vaccine preventable.