Mesoscopic landscape of cortical functions revealed by through-skull wide-field optical imaging in marmoset monkeys

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Abstract

The primate cerebral cortex is organized into specialized areas representing different modalities and functions along a continuous surface. The functional maps across the cortex, however, are often investigated a single modality at a time (e.g., audition or vision). To advance our understanding of the complex landscape of primate cortical functions, here we develop a polarization-gated wide-field optical imaging method for measuring cortical functions through the un-thinned intact skull in awake marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus), a primate species featuring a smooth cortex. Using this method, adjacent auditory, visual, and somatosensory cortices are noninvasively parcellated in individual subjects with detailed tonotopy, retinotopy, and somatotopy. An additional pure-tone-responsive tonotopic gradient is discovered in auditory cortex and a face-patch sensitive to motion in the lower-center visual field is localized near an auditory region representing frequencies of conspecific vocalizations. This through-skull landscape-mapping approach provides new opportunities for understanding how the primate cortex is organized and coordinated to enable real-world behaviors.

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Song, X., Guo, Y., Li, H., Chen, C., Lee, J. H., Zhang, Y., … Wang, X. (2022). Mesoscopic landscape of cortical functions revealed by through-skull wide-field optical imaging in marmoset monkeys. Nature Communications, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29864-7

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