Co-stimulators CD40-CD40L, a potential immune-therapy target for atherosclerosis: A review

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Abstract

The interaction between CD40 and CD40 ligand (CD40L) a crucial co-stimulatory signal for activating adaptive immune cells, has a noteworthy role in atherosclerosis. It is well-known that atherosclerosis is linked to immune inflammation in blood vessels. In atherosclerotic lesions, there is a multitude of proinflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and collagen, as well as smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes, particularly the binding of CD40 and CD40L. Therefore, research on inhibiting the CD40-CD40L system to prevent atherosclerosis has been ongoing for more than 30 years. However, it's essential to note that long-term direct suppression of CD40 or CD40L could potentially result in immunosuppression, emphasizing the critical role of the CD40-CD40L system in atherosclerosis. Thus, specifically targeting the CD40-CD40L interaction on particular cell types or their downstream signaling pathways may be a robust strategy for mitigating atherosclerosis, reducing potential side effects. This review aims to summarize the potential utility of the CD40-CD40L system as a viable therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.

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Tian, S., Wang, Y., Wan, J., Yang, M., & Fu, Z. (2024). Co-stimulators CD40-CD40L, a potential immune-therapy target for atherosclerosis: A review. Medicine (United States), 103(14), E37718. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000037718

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