Automated building segmentation and damage assessment from satellite images for disaster relief

Abstract

After a natural disaster or humanitarian crisis, rescue forces and relief organisations are dependent on fast, area-wide and accurate information on the damage caused to infrastructure and the situation on the ground. This study focuses on the assessment of building damage levels on optical satellite imagery with a two-step ensemble model performing building segmentation and damage classification trained on a public dataset. We provide an extensive generalization study on pre- and post-disaster data from the passage of the cyclone Idai over Beira, Mozambique, in 2019 and the explosion in Beirut, Lebanon, in 2020. Critical challenges are addressed, including the detection of clustered buildings with uncommon visual appearances, the classification of damage levels by both humans and deep learning models, and the impact of varying imagery acquisition conditions. We show promising building damage assessment results and highlight the strong performance impact of data pre-processing on the generalization capability of deep convolutional models.