We examined the effects of progressive resistance training (PRT) and supplementation with calciumvitamin D 3 fortified milk on markers of systemic inflammation, and the relationship between inflammation and changes in muscle mass, size and strength. Healthy men aged 50-79 years (n = 180) participated in this 18-month randomized controlled trial that comprised a factorial 2 × 2 design. Participants were randomized to (1) PRT ? fortified milk supplement, (2) PRT, (3) fortified milk supplement, or (4) a control group. Participants assigned to PRT trained 3 days per week, while those in the supplement groups consumed 400 ml day -1 of milk containing 1,000 mg calcium plus 800 IU vitamin D 3. We collected venous blood samples at baseline, 12 and 18 months to measure the serum concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α and hs-CRP. There were no exercise × supplement interactions, but serum IL-6 was 29% lower (95% CI, -62, 0) in the PRT group compared with the control group after 12 months. Conversely, IL-6 was 31% higher (95% CI, -2, 65) in the supplement group compared with the nonsupplemented groups after 12 and 18 months. These between-group differences did not persist after adjusting for changes in fat mass. In the PRT group, mid-tibia muscle cross-sectional area increased less in men with higher pretraining inflammation compared with those men with lower inflammation (net difference ∼2.5%, p<0.05). In conclusion, serum IL-6 concentration decreased following PRT, whereas it increased after supplementation with fortified milk concomitant with changes in fat mass. Furthermore, low-grade inflammation at baseline restricted muscle hypertrophy following PRT. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
CITATION STYLE
Peake, J. M., Kukuljan, S., Nowson, C. A., Sanders, K., & Daly, R. M. (2011). Inflammatory cytokine responses to progressive resistance training and supplementation with fortified milk in men aged 50+ years: An 18-month randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111(12), 3079–3088. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-1942-z
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