Objective: Studies on fruit, vegetable, fiber, and grain consumption and pancreatic cancer risk are inconclusive. We used a clinic-based case-control study specifically designed to address limitations of both cohort and case-control studies to examine the relationship. Methods: Participants were excluded who reported changing their diet within 5 years prior to study entry. And 384 rapidly ascertained cases and 983 controls (frequency matched on age (±5 years), race, sex, and residence) completed epidemiologic surveys and 144-item food frequency questionnaires. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, smoking, body mass index, energy intake, and alcohol consumption. Results: Comparing highest to lowest quintiles, we observed significant inverse associations (OR < 0.8) with significant trends (p trend < 0.05) for citrus, melon, and berries, other fruits, dark green vegetables, deep yellow vegetables, tomato, other vegetables, dry bean and pea, insoluble fiber, soluble fiber, whole grains, and orange/grapefruit juice, and an increased association with non-whole grains. Results were similar after adjusting for diabetes or total sugar intake. Conclusions: We provide evidence that lower consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fiber is associated with having pancreatic cancer. This may have a role in developing prevention strategies. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
CITATION STYLE
Jansen, R. J., Robinson, D. P., Stolzenberg-Solomon, R. Z., Bamlet, W. R., De Andrade, M., Oberg, A. L., … Petersen, G. M. (2011). Fruit and vegetable consumption is inversely associated with having pancreatic cancer. Cancer Causes and Control, 22(12), 1613–1625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-011-9838-0
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