Review and update of the importance of micronutrients in pediatric age: a holistic view

Abstract

International health institutions have implemented protocols and nutritional health policies in the promotion of health and brain development. However, these policies do not usually extend to preschool age, being a stage of important changes and very dynamic development. Therefore the objective of this work is to carry out a review of the information available about nutritional needs throughout the process of human development, emphasizing the main micronutrients, their role in development and what the evidence tells us about the effects of it lack. A review of scientific evidence and recommendations of international scientific societies has been carried out Different nutrients are required for different parts of a baby’s development, including Vitamin D and calcium for bone development, DHA and choline for brain development as well as iron, zinc, vitamins A, D, B12 and folate, which meet different important roles and whose deficiencies lead to serious health disorders. Childhood is a critical period in which the foundations for future well-being are laid. A good nutritional status during childhood and adolescence is vital for normal growth and development. However, studies in Spanish pediatric populations indicate a lack of micronutrients (especially vitamin D, E, folate, calcium, and magnesium) in the diet of more than half of participating children. There may be situations of risk of suffering from vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Appropriate supplementation can provide nutrients during periods of increased physical and mental exertion, illness, and when dietary intake is not optimal.