Chlorophyllides: Preparation, purification and application

Abstract

Chlorophyllides can be found in photosynthetic organisms. Generally, chlorophyllides have a-, b-, c-, d-, and f-type derivatives, and all chlorophyllides have a tetrapyrrole structure with a Mg ion at the center and a fifth isocyclic pentanone. Chlorophyllide a can be synthesized from pro-tochlorophyllide a, divinyl chlorophyllide a, or chlorophyll. In addition, chlorophyllide a can be transformed into chlorophyllide b, chlorophyllide d, or chlorophyllide f. Chlorophyllide c can be synthesized from protochlorophyllide a or divinyl protochlorophyllide a. Chlorophyllides have been extensively used in food, medicine, and pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, chloro-phyllides exhibit many biological activities, such as anti-growth, antimicrobial, antiviral, antipath-ogenic, and antiproliferative activity. The photosensitivity of chlorophyllides that is applied in mercury electrodes and sensors were discussed. This article is the first detailed review dedicated spe-cifically to chlorophyllides. Thus, this review aims to describe the definition of chlorophyllides, bi-osynthetic routes of chlorophyllides, purification of chlorophyllides, and applications of chloro-phyllides.