Interventions for space closure in orthodontic treatment

Abstract

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To compare the effects of different force delivery systems used with fixed orthodontic appliances to close extraction space. Null hypotheses: There is no difference in the rate of space closure between different force delivery systems when using fixed orthodontic appliances. There is no difference in the side effects (e.g. anchorage loss, root resorption), between different force delivery systems when using fixed orthodontic appliances.