Frecuencia y tipo de complicaciones de recién nacidos hijos de madre con diabetes gestacional

Abstract

Introduction: gestational diabetes is one of the most frequent endocrinological diseases in pregnant women, which has implications for newborns. Objectives: to describe the type and frequency of complications of newborns born to mothers with gestational diabetes, as well as to determine if metabolic control during pregnancy modifies the frequency of these complications. Material and methods: observational, comparative, and retrospective study, carried out in two years (2019-2021). Data from mothers and newborns were recorded. The comparison of the variables was performed with the Student’s t test and χ2. Results: during the study period, there were 2,827 births, of which 216 were newborns born to mothers with gestational diabetes (7.6%). Of these 216, 22.7% required admission to the neonatal unit, with respiratory distress syndrome, jaundice, and hypoglycemia being as the most frequent causes. Nine newborns with obstetric trauma (4.2%) were registered, and an equal number with some type of malformation. When comparing neonates with adequate metabolic control during pregnancy (n = 186) with those with inadequate control (n = 30), it was found that in the latter group there was a higher frequency of respiratory distress, jaundice, hypoglycemia, obstetric trauma, and congenital malformations (p < 0.05). Conclusions: the frequency of complications of newborns born to mothers with gestational diabetes is higher when there is inadequate metabolic control during pregnancy.