Ultrastructure of the Nautilus Shell

Abstract

Studies initiated in the last century, including those of Owen (1832), Valenciennes (1841), Carpenter (1844), Hyatt (1872), and especially Appellõf (1893), produced fundamental information about the microstructure of the Nautilus shell. Since then, it has been studied further with the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM), in addition to conventional and polarizing microscopes.