Madden-Julian Oscillation: Observations and Mechanisms

Abstract

In this chapter, the observed features of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) are first introduced, followed by the discussions of physical mechanisms responsible for the eastward propagation and initiation of MJO. Next the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) is described, with a special emphasis on the mechanisms responsible for its northward propagation over the monsoon regions. Finally the interaction of MJO or BSISO with higher-frequency motions is discussed.