Dietary interventions in the treatment of paediatric obesity

Abstract

The aim of dietary interventions in weight management is to contribute to an energy deficit. A number of studies have demonstrated that interventions that included a dietary component are efficacious in weight loss and are associated with improved cardio-metabolic outcomes. However, the optimal diet for achieving an energy deficit in children and adolescents is unknown. In this chapter we explore conventional and novel dietary approaches including increased-protein, very-low carbohydrate, low glycaemic index and very low-energy diets as well as intermittent fasting. Current evidence suggests adherence to an energy restricted diet, rather than macronutrient content, is the most effective method for long-term weight loss. Differing dietary strategies maybe used to support different outcomes, including improved short-term weight loss and improved cardio-metabolic risk factors.