Revision of the genus Trilophus Andrewes from the Oriental region (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

Abstract

The genus Trilophus Andrewes is revised and distinguished to the next related genera. A key is provided for all 28 species. The 4 species T. interpunctatus Putzeys, T. hispidulus Putzeys, T. schmidti Putzeys, and T. birmanicus Bates are redescribed and lectotypes/paralectotypes are designated. The following 24 new species are described: T. acuminatus n. sp., T. alternans n. sp., T. appulsus n. sp., T. arcuatus n. sp., T. baehri n. sp., T. convexus n. sp., T. crinitus n. sp., T. ellipticus n. sp., T. elongatus n. sp., T. fuscus n. sp., T. hirsutus n. sp., T. imitator n. sp., T. latiusculus n. sp., T. loebli n. sp., T. lompei n. sp., T. palpireductus n. sp., T. parallelus n. sp., T. schawalleri n. sp., T. serratulus n. sp., T. serratus n. sp., T. setosus n. sp., T. tonkinensis n. sp., T. variabilis n. sp., and T. weberi n. sp. The distribution of the species is displayed in maps. Four different main distribution patterns are distinguished. The possible relationships of the species groups and species described in a cladogram are based on a reconstructed phylogeny applying the methods proposed by Hennig. Phylogenetic evidence demonstrates that species showing most plesiomorphic character states are concentrated in NE-India, Thailand, and Indochina assumed to be the region of origin for the genus. Sri Lanka, the South Malayan islands up to west of Wallace's line, the Himalayas up to northern Pakistan, and Taiwan are inhabited by species showing a higher degree of apomorphic characteristics.