Are Polymers Still Driving Forces in Concrete Technology?

Abstract

In less than one century, concrete has become the most widely used construction material worldwide. Today it is difficult to imagine a concrete totally without polymers. An implantation of polymers into concrete has taken effect in the form of concrete-polymer composite [C-PC = PMC + PCC + PIC + PC]. On the way of C-PC development, several milestones are recognized and discussed here with particular emphasis on innovative milestones that shaped the use of polymers in concrete. As the difference between polymer-cement concrete and ordinary concrete diminishes, the question: ``Are polymers still driving forces in concrete technology?'' arises. This question is about the future of the concrete technology. The authors consider various optional answers. One of the most promising options seems to be that the routes of nanotechnology and the organic-inorganic chemically bound composites will open the gate for the development of a new generation of sustainable polymer. The new polymer concrete will have superior performance characteristics that will enable its use for 3D-printed sustainable concrete structures.