The water fraction of Cantigi (Vaccinium varingiaefolium Bl. Miq.) fruits demonstrate the highest antimetabolic syndrome properties on enzyme assay

Abstract

Vaccinium varingiaefolium, Cantigi (local name), is a member of the berries family that has various benefits to human health. It contains numerous biological compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanin. Although many studies reported the pharmacological activity of berries families, the pharmacological Cantigi’s activity is still limited. The research aims to examine the antimetabolic, inhibition of lipase, alpha-glucosidase (αGIA), and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) of Cantigi. The fractionation process originates from a 70% ethanol extract that underwent treatment with the addition of HCl until reaching a pH of 3. To comprehensively analyze the diverse array of compounds present in the Cantigi water fraction, we employ non-targeted screening through HPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Additionally, the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) was applied to check the acute toxicity. The results clearly indicate that the water fraction of Cantigi’s extract exhibits the highest activity against Lipase, ACE, and αGIA with values of 27.74±3.66 μg/mL, 19.33±2.86 μg/mL, and 15.90±1.82 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, we found delphinidin was the major anthocyanin of the water fraction. Finally, the toxicity assay showed 196.56±14.8 mg/ml. In conclusion, the water fraction of Cantigi extract demonstrated the highest antimetabolic activity, and we propose that delphinidin contributes significantly to this observed activity as it serves as a major component.