Caracterización de la latencia invernal de cepas antiguas de vid (Vitis vinifera L.) país, gros colman y torrontés riojano, establecidas en el desierto de atacama, Chile

Abstract

The Atacama desert presents winters with high temperatures during the day, condition that limits the sprouting and production of deciduous fruit trees. However, in this zone there have been found ancient grapevine, relict wine farms, which have survived in this absolute desert, whith tolerates hight thermal fluctuation. These plants are a genetic material adapted to extreme desert conditions, so it is necessary to characterize the winter dormancy of these plants for productive use in the desert areas. Six accessions accessions were analysed: The País wine variety from Codpa, Suca, Pica, Cauquenes; Torrontés Riojano wine variety from Huavina and Gros Colman from La Huayca (Canchones) locations, which are settled in the Pampa of Tamarugal, Tarapaca Region. The sampling was conducted between April and September. The number of days to reach 90% of sprouting, rate of sprouting, budding maximum, H2O2 concentration and the activity of CAT in the bud were evaluated. The results indicated that the accession of Canchones required the least number of days to reach 90% of budding, presenting a similar response throughout the period. Codpa and Cauquenes accessions had a significant decrease in the number of days to reach 90% sprouting with an accumulation of 36.2 UF, while in Suca arose to 74.6 CU. The accession of Cauquenes and those from the North differed regarding the rate of sprouting. At the Bioquemical level, accession of Canchones presented a low concentration of H2O2 with accumulation of 36.2 CU, unlike Codpa, Pica, Suca and Cauquenes, on the other hand, with 81.4 CU, accession of Canchones had the highest concentration and Suca accession the lowest. There were only differences between accessions in activity of CAT with 44.9 CU in which Pica accession showed the highest activity. It can be concluded that accession of Canchones does not present a markerd endodormancy. Codpa, Pica, Suca and Huaviña accessions present a positive and differential response to chilling winter night of Pampa del Tamarugal, being Codpa the earliest and Suca the latest. There are differences at the biochemical level, however it is not possible to establish a relationship between the concentration of H2O2 and CAT activity in buds, with the ending of endodormancy under these conditions, further research are still needed in this regard. These accessions could be an interesting alternative for warn areas.