Anterior-First Approach for Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap Breast Reconstruction: A Refined Elevation Method with Detailed Video Instructions

Abstract

Background: The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous (LDMC) flap is a preferred flap in breast reconstruction for its wide surface area and volume. Since the flap is situated in the midback area, a lateral decubitus approach is a conventional method. However, proper visualization and access to the thoracodorsal vascular pedicle or muscle insertion is difficult from the lateral approach, causing inefficiency and surgeon fatigue. We propose the ‘anterior-first’ approach in LDMC flap reconstruction, where the landmark structures are first approached from the supine-anterior position through the mastectomy incision. Methods: From January 2014 to December 2020, 48 patients who received immediate breast reconstruction with LDMC flap were included in the study. Patients received reconstruction with the conventional approach (n = 20), or anterior-first approach (n = 28). Demographic factors and the operative outcomes were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results: Compared to the conventional approach group, the anterior-first approach group showed improved efficiency in the duration of total reconstruction (228 versus 330 min, p < 0.001), and flap elevation (139 versus 200 min, p < 0.001). No difference in complication rate and time to drain removal was observed (p = 0.14 and >0.9, respectively). Conclusion: The anterior-first approach for breast reconstruction with LDMC flap provides surgeons with an enhanced surgical exposure and superior ergonomics, leading to a safer and more efficient flap elevation.