Biology of injury and repair of soft tissues of the shoulder

Abstract

Pathologies of the shoulder, especially rotator cuff (RC) tears, are increasing in the ageing population. The biology of the different shoulder pathologies is complex and remains poorly defined. However, the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to pathologic changes and healing can lead us to better techniques for treating pathologies of the shoulder. Many factors have been implicated in the development of degenerative changes in the shoulder but also in the healing process. This chapter will outline what we currently understand about the biology of different shoulder pathologies including those of the rotator cuff (RC), the long head of the biceps, and the glenoid labrum.