Emerging Trends in Nanobiosensor

Abstract

The rapid growth of nanotechnology in recent years has led to the development of new nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, inorganic quantum dots, nanowires, graphene, and metal nanoparticles; with altered chemical, electrical, optical and physical properties. Surface functionalization capacity, novel signal amplification strategies, new electronic, optical and chemical properties of nanoscale materials have brought newer dimensions in biosensing, resulting in the development of nanobiosensors. These nanobiosensors have the features like enhancement in sensitivity, specificity, and stability, and thus providing possibilities of quick detection systems for very small concentration of analytes. The field of nanobiosensors is multidisciplinary in nature involving the researchers from biological science, material science, electronics, medical science, physics, and chemistry to develop a variety of nanobiosensors. Recently, there has been great progress in the field of nanomaterial-based biosensors which is being integrated with microfluidics to design miniaturized and easy-to-use devices. Fabrication of these ultrasensitive, low-cost, and highly selective nanobiosensors can provide benefits to both nanotechnology and biosensor in diverse areas like clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, food analysis, forensic sciences, and agricultural monitoring systems. With the advancement in nanobiosensor technology, it is making the way toward applications like point-of-care (POC) devices, biochips, drug delivery system, and lab on a chip (LOC) involving array of nanobiosensors for rapid screening of multiple number of analytes.