Revisiting Standard and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Halitosis: A Review

14Citations
Citations of this article
117Readers
Mendeley users who have this article in their library.

Abstract

Halitosis, or bad breath, is an oral health problem characterized by an unpleasant malodor emanating from the oral cavity. This condition can have different origins and causes a negative burden in social interactions, communication and quality of life, and can in uncommon cases be indicative of underlying non-oral non-communicable diseases. Most cases of halitosis are due to inadequate oral hygiene, periodontitis and tongue coating, yet the remaining proportion of cases are due to ear–nose–throat-associated (10%) or gastrointestinal/endocrine (5%) disorders. For this reason, the diagnosis, treatment and clinical management of halitosis often require a multidisciplinary team approach. This comprehensive review revisits the etiology of halitosis as well as standard and novel treatment that may contribute to higher clinical success.

Cite

CITATION STYLE

APA

Izidoro, C., Botelho, J., Machado, V., Reis, A. M., Proença, L., Alves, R. C., & Mendes, J. J. (2022, September 1). Revisiting Standard and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Halitosis: A Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811303

Register to see more suggestions

Mendeley helps you to discover research relevant for your work.

Already have an account?

Save time finding and organizing research with Mendeley

Sign up for free