Combining 3-level multichoice goal programming with multicoefficient goal programming to evaluate forest ecosystem service potential improved by thinning

Abstract

To improve forest ecosystem management practices, forest managers must clarify the effects of thinning on the function of forest ecosystem services. This study evaluated these effects and defined how the relationships among goals are affected by thinning operations. In Nantou, Taiwan, 1,894.69 ha of artificial sugi forests were examined for the goals of carbon sequestration, job opportunities, and soil erosion to investigate the function of forest ecosystem services. Multicoefficient and 3-level multichoice goal programming techniques were applied to develop a thinning schedule and determine superior values for forest ecosystem service goals. The results indicated that the amount of carbon sequestration, number of job opportunities, and amount of soil erosion were 10,222 tons/year, 18 jobs/year, and 117 tons/year, respectively. However, considering biodiversity reduces carbon sequestration and job opportunities by approximately 11 and 40% and lowers soil erosion by approximately 20%. According to these tradeoffs, biodiversity and soil conservation are gained at the cost of carbon sequestration and jobs. Conversely, improving carbon sequestration through thinning provides positive social benefits, such as hiring forest workers. Finally, implementing a thinning schedule not only satisfies the forest management goals but also benefits Nantou forests without requiring government budgetary support.