STANDAR KUANTITAS ANTENATAL CARE DAN SOSIAL BUDAYA DENGAN RISIKO ANEMIA PADA KEHAMILAN

Abstract

Abstract   Background: There was an increase of anemia in pregnant women and maternal death due to obstetric hemorrhage with hemoglobin (Hb) levels during pregnancy <10 gr/dl in Indragiri Hilir District, Riau Province. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between standard of antenatal care (ANC) and socio-cultural factors and the risk of anemia during pregnancy. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used in this study. This study included 172 pregnant women in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters from the Sungai Piring Public Health Center's working area. Data of Hb level of pregnant women was obtained from the maternal register and the MCH book. Data on the quantity of ANC, socio-cultural, adherence to iron-folic acid tablet consumption, and characteristics of pregnant women were collected through questionnaire interviews. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted by using chi-square test and multiple logistic regressions respectively. Results: As many as 71.5% of pregnant women experienced anemia. Anemia in pregnant women was significantly associated with standard of ANC quantity, sociocultural status, and economic status (p<0.05). Inadequate ANC, poor socio-cultural, and low economic status increased the risk of anemia in pregnant women by 6.6 times, 11.4 times, and 3 times respectively. Conclusion: Standard of ANC quantity, socio-cultural, and economic status were dominant factors for anemia in pregnancy. Home visits or counseling through messaging applications can be carried out by health workers for pregnant mothers who do not attend ANC visits.   Keywords: Anemia, antenatal care, pregnancy, socio-culture   Abstrak   Latar belakang: Terjadi peningkatan kasus anemia ibu hamil dan adanya kasus kematian ibu akibat perdarahan dengan kadar haemoglobin (Hb) darah saat hamil di bawah 10gr/dl di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Provinsi Riau. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara standar antenatal care (ANC) dan sosial budaya dengan risiko anemia pada kehamilan. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel studi yaitu 172 ibu hamil trimester dua dan tiga di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sungai Piring. Data kadar hemoglobin (Hb) darah ibu hamil diperoleh dari register ibu dan Buku KIA. Data kuantitas ANC, sosial budaya, kepatuhan konsumsi tablet tambah darah, dan karakteristik ibu hamil dikumpulkan melalui wawancara kuesioner. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan uji chi square dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik ganda. Hasil: Sebanyak 71,5% ibu hamil mengalamani anemia. Kuantitas ANC, sosial budaya, dan status ekonomi berhubungan signifikan dengan anemia pada ibu hamil (p<0,05). Ibu hamil dengan kuantitas ANC tidak sesuai standar, sosial budaya tidak baik, dan status ekonomi rendah berpeluang berturut-turut sebesar 6,6 kali, 11,4 kali, dan 3 kali untuk mengalami anemia. Kesimpulan: Standar kuantitas ANC, sosial budaya, dan status ekonomi merupakan variabel yang dominan terhadap anemia pada kehamilan. Kunjungan rumah atau konseling melalui aplikasi perpesanan dapat dilakukan oleh petugas kesehatan bagi ibu yang tidak melakukan ANC.   Kata kunci: Anemia, antenatal care, kehamilan, sosial budaya