Optical Modulation Spectroscopy

Abstract

This chapter describes the principles of optical modulation spectroscopy. Special attention is focused on photo- and contactless electro-reflectance techniques, which are nondestructive for samples, and are widely applied to study the band structure of various semiconductor materials and low-dimensional heterostructures. For these methods, experimental setups are described and theoretical approaches to analyze the experimental data are discussed. In addition, examples of the application of photo- and contactless electro-reflectance spectroscopies to study optical transitions in III–V(-N) bulk-like epilayers, quantum wells, quantum dots, and device structures are presented.