Full Profiling of the Orange By-Products and Their Potential Effects with Chromium on Obesity Complications in Rats

Abstract

A disorder identified as obesity includes having too much body fat. It is a medical ailment that increases the risk of several syndromes and other health issues. Around the world, 19.5% of the adult population is obese, which is a widespread condition. The current study seeks to explore the chemical constitutes, bioactive substances, antioxidant activity, and impacts on obesity problems in rats of orange by-products, peel, and pulp integration with chromium. While orange pulp has larger amounts of carbohydrates, minerals (Mg, Fe, and Zn), vitamins (E, B1, and B6), and bioactive substances than orange peel, the latter has higher levels of total protein, fiber, minerals (Na, K, Ca, and P), vitamins (A and C), total polyphenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids. In contrast to the control normal group, rats fed a diet-stimulated obesity diet (DIO) had a higher body weight (416.76%), blood leptin (142.84%), glucose (95.17%), and hyperlipidemia (cholesterol (219.77%), triglycerides (131.22%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (341.59%). Because orange peel and pulp contain antihyperlipidemic and anti-diabetic substances that lower serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, consuming them alone or in combination with chromium partially reversed these negative changes and decreased the likelihood of atherogenesis. When orange peels and pulp were combined with chromium, there showed noticeable synergistic effects. These results lay a foundation for the use of food industry by-products, with or without chromium, in the early detection and treatment of obesity. Additionally, the current study suggests adding orange by-product powder and/or extracts to our everyday meals, beverages, dietary supplements, and pharmaceutical formulations.