Socio-demographic variation, perceived oral impairment and oral impact on daily performance among children in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to describe the oral impact (estimate, severity, frequency) on daily performance (e.g., eating, speaking) and identify the potential perceived oral impairment(s) and socio-behavioral factors associated with oral impact, namely presence or absence of oral impact, among children aged 9–12 years old in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional convenience sample of 186 children aged 9–12 years old was recruited. Sociodemographic characteristics, oral health-related behaviors, and perceived oral impairments (e.g., caries, toothache) were obtained from participants. The validated Arabic Child Oral Impact on Daily Performance (C-OIDP) inventory was used to assess oral impacts. Sample descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regressions modeling the association between C-OIDP and explanatory variables were performed. Results: The mean (±SD) age of the children was 10.29 ± 1.24 years, 66.4% were from public schools, and 52% were females. At least one C-OIDP was reported by 78% of the participants. The mean C-OIDP score was 2.27 ± 1.99. Toothache was reported as a perceived impairment for almost all oral impacts and was the strongest predictor of C-OIDP. Low father income was negatively associated with C-OIDP (odds ratio (OR) = 0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.10–0.62). Females had significantly higher odds of reporting C-OIDP than males. Conclusions: In this convenience sample, a high percentage of children aged 9–12 years old reported C-OIDP, which was linked to oral impairment and socio-demographic factors. Further studies, however, are required to explore the clinical, behavioral, and sociodemographic factors in relationship to C-OIDP among Saudi children in a representative sample.