Matrix metalloproteinases in the wound microenvironment: therapeutic perspectives

Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key effector molecules responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover. They are involved in tissue remodeling and regeneration. Although the main targets for MMPs are ECM components, they are also able to digest a variety of non-ECM molecules including cytokines, their receptors, or carriers. Therefore, the activity of the MMPs remains under tight control. However, when controlling mechanisms are ineffective, MMPs may become highly dangerous molecules, which have a strong destructive effect on affected tissues. Apart from cancer metastasis, aneurysm formation, or airway remodeling in asthma, MMPs have also been identified as main detrimental factors in delayed healing of chronic wounds. In this short review, we describe main representatives of MMPs family, their role in pathophysiology of chronic wounds, as well as current and possible therapeutic strategies for modulation of MMPs’ activity, which may be useful in management of chronic wounds.