Extremely high-Accuracy correction of air refractive index using two-colour optical frequency combs

Abstract

Optical frequency combs have become an essential tool for distance metrology, showing great advantages compared with traditional laser interferometry. However, there is not yet an appropriate method for air refractive index correction to ensure the high performance of such techniques when they are applied in air. In this study, we developed a novel heterodyne interferometry technique based on two-colour frequency combs for air refractive index correction. In continuous 500-second tests, a stability of 1.0 3 10211 was achieved in the measurement of the difference in the optical distance between two wavelengths. Furthermore, the measurement results and the calculations are in nearly perfect agreement, with a standard deviation of 3.8 3 10211 throughout the 10-hour period. The final two-colour correction of the refractive index of air over a path length of 61 m was demonstrated to exhibit an uncertainty better than 1.4 3 1028, which is the best result ever reported without precise knowledge of environmental parameters.