General evolutionary regularities of organic and social life

Abstract

The main evolutionary regularities were firstly and more fully studied in biological sciences. An important contribution to the subject was made by the Russian evolutionary school, elaborating the evolutionary ideas mostly on multicellular organisms. Protista (mainly Infusoria) in these investigations were only slightly touched upon. The present study represents the results of a comparative morphological analysis of the vast protistan group Foraminifera, showing the manifestation of the evolutionary regularities at the unicellular level. Research concentrated on the major regularities-polymerization, differentiation, and integration-representing the mainstream of evolutionary development and permitting the structures to achieve a new higher level of organization. The phenomenon of aromorphoses is partly touched upon. It is also shown that these processes have a general character and can be applied to the social level of life as well. © 2008 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.