Algae and ageing

Abstract

Algae are photosynthetic organisms inhabiting diverse habitats and performing an array of pioneer ecological roles. They are extensively researched for a wide range of applications ranging from wastewater remediation, biofuels, therapeutics and cosmeceuticals to plant growth stimulators. The abundance of bioactive compounds from algae imparts unique biochemical and physiological potentials, making them unique organisms with unmatched potentials. Algae serve as an eminent source of cosmeceuticals with anti-ageing benefits as they are rich in carotene and vitamin E concentration that aids in the prevention of cancer and premature skin ageing along with the immune system stimulation. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) are aroused by virtue of oxidative stress that causes the rapid degradation of skin collagen contributing towards the skin wrinkles, a prominent sign of ageing. Marine algae have pronounced effect in combating the skin wrinkles by virtue of their phenolic content. In addition, the algal extracts can also act as natural tyrosinase inhibitor agents leading to skin whitening and fairer look. The marine algae are investigated for their impact on the skin pigmentation with much emphasis on tyrosinase inhibitors. The marine algal extracts contain phlorotannins, which possess great efficacy as anti-inflammatory and hyaluronidase inhibitors. The cosmetic products using algae Spirulina platensis extracts are marketed in parts of Europe and South America. The prominent causes of ageing can be well addressed by algal products as they are rich sources of antioxidative enzymes which can effectively encounter the negative effects of ROS. More algal strains with potential secondary metabolites need to be explored for wide application of algae as anti-ageing agents and can be envisaged as novel sources of cosmeceuticals.