Role of Nano-photocatalysis in Heavy Metal Detoxification

Abstract

Heavy metal elimination from contaminated waterbodies is a worldwide concern. Their inherited property of causing toxicity with the metabolism of both aquatic and terrestrial life forms has been revealed. These metals are highly poisonous for flora and fauna even if they are present at very low concentrations due to their bioaccumulative capabilities. The detoxification of such contaminants is considered to be a prime concern in ecological remediation. Surface chemistry, photocatalysis and chemical engineering fundamentals in combination with advanced nano-engineered technologies spark up attractive prospects towards the treatment of water resources with heavy metal contamination. Products obtained through photocatalysis-assisted engineered nanotechnology have successfully proven upgraded performance characteristics like increased surface area, easy recovery, reuse capability, better volumetric potential, reduced mechanical stress, enhanced shelf life, excellent sorption behaviour, stability under operational conditions, easy separation, no secondary pollution and many more. The present chapter is contemplated to display an overview of the mechanisms and promising research activities on photocatalytic nanoparticles assisted heavy metal detoxification. This will thereby provide researchers and individuals with a profound intuition and bridge the research gaps of the exquisite nanomaterial-induced heavy metal removal techniques.