Ultracold quantum wires with localized losses: Many-body quantum Zeno effect

Abstract

We study a one-dimensional system of interacting spinless fermions subject to a localized loss, where the interplay of gapless quantum fluctuations and particle interactions leads to an incarnation of the quantum Zeno effect of genuine many-body nature. This model constitutes a nonequilibrium counterpart of the paradigmatic Kane-Fisher potential barrier problem, and it exhibits strong interaction effects due to the gapless nature of the system. As a central result, we show that the loss probability is strongly renormalized near the Fermi momentum as a realization of the quantum Zeno effect, resulting in a suppression of the emission of particles at the Fermi level. This is reflected in the structure of the particle momentum distribution, exhibiting a peak close to the Fermi momentum. We substantiate these findings by three complementary approaches: A real-space renormalization group of a general microscopic continuum model, a dynamical Hartree-Fock numerical analysis of a microscopic model on a lattice, and a renormalization group analysis based on an effective Luttinger liquid description incorporating mode-coupling effects.