Electrochemical strategies for detection of diazinon

Abstract

Diazinon (DZN) was first registered as an insecticide in the U.S. However, it was categorized in the limited group of pesticides due to its high toxicity for birds, aquatic animals, and humans. Like other organophosphorus pesticides, this compound exhibits inhibitory effects on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The inhibition of the enzyme leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine and causes the death of insects. DZN is considered a toxic compound for humans due to its high adsorption via skin and inhalation, which leads to the emergence of different symptoms of toxicity. When DZN is used for plants, the compound residues in crops enter the food chain bringing about different health problems. Moreover, the compound is easily washed by surface water and enters the groundwater. Its entrance into aquatic environments can negatively affect a wide range of non-targeted organisms. Thus, researchers seek to find fast and precise methods for the analysis of DZN. The electrochemical method for recognizing the compound in real samples is preferable to other analytical methods. Because this method can be used without spending time preparing the sample, it is simple, fast, and cost-effective. Since such determinations may be made by using electrochemical sensors and biosensors, numerous researchers have developed such sensors for DZN detection, and different sensitive materials were used in order to improve the selectivity, sensitivity, and detection limit. The present study aims to present the main progress and performance characteristics of electrochemical sensors and biosensors used to detect DZN, as it is reported in a number of relevant scientific papers published mainly in the last decade.