Surgery of diabetic vitreo-retinopathy and diabetic macular edema

Abstract

Intraocular surgery experienced a great revolution in the 1970s, when pars plana vitrectomy was developed. In the past decades, improvements in technique and instrumentation have broadened its use [1–3]. In recent times, it became an established tool in the management of the most severe complications of diabetic retinopathy [4]. Nonetheless, the decision for surgery of diabetic vitreoretinopathy depends on many factors and has to be carefully balanced against conservative treatments. The potential improvement of visual function or stabilization of anatomic structures has to be determined and compared with the patient’s expectations and needs. All possible surgical side effects and benefits, as well as the consequences of alternative strategies, must be discussed in detail. Lastly, the timing of surgical intervention is an important consideration.