Intrauterine Growth Restriction with and Without Pre-Eclampsia: Pregnancy Outcome and Placental Findings

Abstract

Background & Objective: Accordingly, this study aimed to assess pregnancy outcomes and pathological findings of the placenta caused by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with or without pre-eclampsia (PE). Materials & Methods: This cohort study was conducted on two groups: Group I was PE-induced IUGR (PE-IUGR), and group II was idiopathic IUGR (I-IUGR). Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were evaluated in both groups. The placental assessment was also performed based on pathological findings. Data were compiled and analyzed by SPSS 21. An analytical study was conducted on the groups based on t (or non-parametric Mann-Whitney), chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: The findings of this study showed that maternal age, body mass index (BMI), the incidence of preterm delivery, and low birth weight were higher in the PE-IUGR group (P<0.001 in all) than in the I-IUGR group, and the difference was statistically significant. Additionally, circulatory disorders and impaired anomalies were higher in the PE-IUGR group (P>0.001) than in the I-IUGR group. Conclusion: Placental disorders and reduced blood flow to the fetus due to placental disorders might lead to low birth weight and preterm delivery.