Myeloproliferative neoplasms

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is linked to an increased risk of both acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining malignancies (ADMs) and non-AIDS-defining malignancies (nADMs). One subset of these nADMs are myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), in which there is an overproduction of red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, or a subset of white blood cells (WBCs). Many patients with MPNs are asymptomatic at the time of medical evaluation, and their diagnosis is established after routine blood testing reveals an anomaly. Others present to medical attention complaining of headache, fatigue, weight loss, and early satiety in the backdrop of splenomegaly, bleeding, and thrombotic complications and clonal evolution.