Fifty-Years’ Development of Cryogenic Liquefaction Processes

Abstract

In the 50th year of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference, the present review covers the development of cryogenic processes for oxygen, nitrogen, liquid hydrogen, and liquefied natural gas over that past period. It is confined to those processes of commercial interest, as applied to large-scale production. In all three sectors included in the present review, very significant advances have been made as the result of market forces. The developments that have contributed to the improvement in efficiency, scale of application, and economics are described.