Governance of rangeland in Bhutan: Institutions and policy initiatives

Abstract

High-altitude rangelands support the economies of mountain communities in the Himalayas. This article highlights institutions and policy initiatives for good governance of rangelands in Bhutan and draws lessons from previous efforts to mainstream rangeland development. Both formal and informal institutions support the rangeland governance in Bhutan. The article elaborates on critical rangeland-related amendments to the Bhutanese Land Act. Rangeland stewardship and access rights are outlined, along with alternative governance approaches that rely on pastoralists’ traditions and indigenous knowledge. It highlights concerns and disputes about using and managing rangelands and explains traditional institutions and practices of conflict resolution. The article’s final section discusses the challenges of rangeland governance and the aspirations of herding communities under the new Land Act. Rangeland owners have reconciled with the amendments to the Act. They are willing to work with the government to implement the Act’s provisions and bring the desired reforms in rangeland governance.